Technique · On every fish you are not keeping.
Catch and release, done properly
The difference between a fish that swims away and a fish that dies three hours later.
Keep it wet, keep it short
A trout held out of water for thirty seconds takes hours to recover its equilibrium, and one held for a photograph on dry grass usually dies. Land fish with a knotless net, keep the net in the water, unhook with forceps without lifting the fish, and if you want a photograph take it with the fish still in the net, half-submerged.
Barbless, always
Barbless hooks penetrate as well as barbed ones and come out in a fraction of the time, which is why they are mandatory on most of the rivers in this ledger. Pinch the barb down on every fly before you fish it, including the ones you bought pre-barbed — it takes five seconds and it is the single largest welfare gain available to an angler.
Warm water is the real killer
At water temperatures above about 20°C, a trout's recovery from even a short fight is poor and release mortality climbs sharply. The correct response is to stop fishing, not to fish faster. Carry a thermometer, and treat 20°C as a hard stop — many of the rivers in this ledger have local rules built on exactly that number.
Rivers in the ledger where this applies
White River, Arkansas
Ozark foothills below Bull Shoals Dam, Arkansas, United StatesA tailwater you fish from a boat, where the generation schedule is the tide table.
brown · rainbow · cutthroat
Apr · May · Jun · Sep · Oct · NovDavidson River
Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina, United StatesThe most accessible trout water in the southern Appalachians, and surprisingly technical.
brown · rainbow
Apr · May · Sep · OctPenns Creek
Centre and Snyder Counties, Pennsylvania, United StatesWhere the Green Drake hatch is a public event and the whole valley closes for a week.
brown · brook · rainbow
Apr · May · Jun · OctLetort Spring Run
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United StatesThe hardest small stream in America, and the one that invented the terrestrial fly.
brown
Apr · May · Jun · OctFarmington River
Litchfield County, Connecticut, United StatesNew England's most reliable tailwater, with a catch-and-release TMA that fishes in January.
brown · brook · rainbow
May · Jun · Jul · Sep · OctPere Marquette River
West-central Michigan, United StatesA national-forest river where fall steelhead run on autumn rain, not on a dam schedule.
brown · steelhead · rainbow
Apr · May · Sep · Oct · Nov