Technique · Cold water, big rivers, and any anadromous fish.
Swinging a fly
Covering a wide river with a controlled arc, the way salmon and steelhead are fished.
The step-down method
Cast across and slightly downstream, let the fly swing until it is directly below you and the line is straight, then take one step downstream and repeat. A pool is covered in a fan this way, and because the fly fishes at a constant speed the take usually comes at the same point in the swing — which lets you predict it.
Speed is the variable
Salmon and steelhead respond to the speed of the fly, not its colour. If nothing happens in a pool, the first change to make is the retrieve rate: slow the swing down with a longer belly, or speed it up with a tighter line. Only after you have tried three speeds should you change the fly.
Do not strike the first show
An anadromous fish often rises to a swung fly, misses, and comes back. If you strike at the first boil you pull the fly away from a fish that was about to take it properly. Keep the fly moving, keep the line tight, and wait for the weight of the fish rather than the sight of it.
Rivers in the ledger where this applies
White River, Arkansas
Ozark foothills below Bull Shoals Dam, Arkansas, United StatesA tailwater you fish from a boat, where the generation schedule is the tide table.
brown · rainbow · cutthroat
Apr · May · Jun · Sep · Oct · NovDavidson River
Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina, United StatesThe most accessible trout water in the southern Appalachians, and surprisingly technical.
brown · rainbow
Apr · May · Sep · OctPenns Creek
Centre and Snyder Counties, Pennsylvania, United StatesWhere the Green Drake hatch is a public event and the whole valley closes for a week.
brown · brook · rainbow
Apr · May · Jun · OctLetort Spring Run
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United StatesThe hardest small stream in America, and the one that invented the terrestrial fly.
brown
Apr · May · Jun · OctFarmington River
Litchfield County, Connecticut, United StatesNew England's most reliable tailwater, with a catch-and-release TMA that fishes in January.
brown · brook · rainbow
May · Jun · Jul · Sep · OctPere Marquette River
West-central Michigan, United StatesA national-forest river where fall steelhead run on autumn rain, not on a dam schedule.
brown · steelhead · rainbow
Apr · May · Sep · Oct · Nov